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Deep Brain Stimulation uses a surgically implanted, battery-operated medical device called a neurostimulator—similar to a heart pacemaker and approximately the size of a stopwatch—to deliver electrical stimulation to targeted areas in the brain that control movement, blocking the abnormal nerve signals that cause tremor and Parkinson’s Disease symptoms.
The electrode is connected via a wire running beneath the skin to a stimulator and battery pack in the patient's chest.
It is reversible—just turns off the current—and allows for precise calibrated symptom control.
Before the procedure, a neurosurgeon uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scanning to identify and locate the exact target within the brain where electrical nerve signals generate the PD symptoms.
Deep brain stimulation may be used in addition to therapy with levodopa or other drugs when drugs alone do not control symptoms adequately.
This technique is the preferred surgical method of treating most cases of advanced Parkinson's disease.
It does not destroy brain tissue and has fewer risks than older, more destructive surgical methods, such as pallidotomy and thalamotomy.
There are now three possible target sites in the brain that may be selected for placement of stimulating electrodes: the globus pallidus (GPi), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the thalamus (the specific region of thalamus is called “Vim” (ventro-intermediate nucleus).
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