Ovarian Cancertreatment and surgery India offers information on Ovarian CancerDoctor India, Ovarian Cancertreatment and surgery Hospital India, Ovarian Cancertreatment and surgery Abroad, Ovarian Cancercauses, symptoms, Risk factors, treatment and surgery.
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Causes of Ovarian Cancer
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in India
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a disease produced by the rapid growth and division of cells within one or both ovaries—reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, and the female sex hormones are made. The ovaries contain cells that, under normal circumstances, reproduce to maintain tissue health. When growth control is lost and cells divide too much and too fast, a cellular mass or tumor is formed. If the tumor is confined to a few cell layers, for example, surface cells, and it does not invade surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered benign. If the tumor spreads to surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered malignant, or cancerous. When cancerous cells break away from the original tumor, travel through the blood or lymphatic vessels, and grow within other parts of the body, the process is known as metastasis.
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease. There are actually more than 30 types and subtypes of ovarian malignancies, each with its own histopathologic (diseased tissue) appearance and biologic behavior.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer
The exact cause of ovarian cancer isn't known. It's more common in women who live in developed countries. Other factors that are thought to make ovarian cancer more likely include:
More research is needed to find out whether the risk of ovarian cancer is increased by:
Studies have shown that ovarian cancer may be less common in women who:
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Most women with early-stage cancer of the ovary don’t have any symptoms for a long time. When symptoms occur they may include any of the following:
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in India
Treatment
There are three main forms of treatment for ovarian cancer offered in India:
There are also many combinations of these treatment methods and it is usually worthwhile to get a second opinion about treatment before entering into a specific program. Treatment depends upon a number of factors (e.g., stage and grade of the disease, the histopathologic type, and the patient's age and overall health).
Surgery for Ovarian Cancer in India
Surgery usually is required to treat ovarian cancer. Most patients undergo surgery in addition to another form of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy). Surgery helps the physician to accurately stage the tumor, make a diagnosis, and perform debulking (removal of as much tumor mass as possible). Debulking surgery is especially important in ovarian cancer because aggressive removal of cancerous tissue is associated with improved survival. Patients with no residual tumor mass, or tumor masses that measure less than 1 cm, have the best opportunity for cure.
The surgeon usually performs a laparotomy (through an abdominal incision) or laparoscopy (using a tube containing a light and camera that is inserted into the pelvic cavity through a small incision). A sample of the tumor (called a frozen section) is examined immediately under a microscope to confirm ovarian cancer and rule out metastasis from another site. If the cancer is a metastasis from another organ, the surgeon searches for the primary tumor within the abdominal cavity.
Once ovarian cancer is confirmed, a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus [womb], bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries on both sides), omentectomy (removal of the fatty tissue that covers the bowels), lymphadenectomy (removal of one or more lymph nodes) may be performed. Tissue removed during debulking is sent for histopathological examination.
Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer in India
Chemotherapy involves using drugs to destroy cancer cells. Many of these drugs destroy cancer cells by preventing them from growing and dividing rapidly. Unfortunately, many normal cells also divide rapidly and are damaged by chemotherapy. Read More>>
Radiation for Ovarian Cancer in India
Radiotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells from a cyst that ruptures during surgical removal of an ovary, or it may be used to treat certain patients who appear cancer-free or who have only microscopic evidence of disease at second-look surgery. It is historically the treatment of choice for germ cell tumors known as dysgerminomas. However, recently it has been found that chemotherapy can cure a percentage of such patients. Read More>>
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